Graphical Abstract
Feng, L., T. Zhang, T.-Y. Koh, and E. M. Hill, 2021: Selected years of monsoon variations and extratropical dry-air intrusions compared with the Sumatran GPS array observations in Indonesia. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 99, 505-536.
Special Edition on Years of the Maritime Continent (YMC),
https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2021-026
Graphical Abstract
Published
Plain Language Summary: Although the Global Positioning System (GPS) has been widely used to study long-term trends or diurnal and subdiurnal cycles of precipitable water vapor (PWV), it has been rarely used for the intra-seasonal scale. We used the zenith wet delay (ZWD) data from the Sumatran GPS Array (SuGAr) in Indonesia, with help from reanalysis data, to study the summer intra-seasonal variability of PWV over Sumatra in years without strong inter-annual variability, and to probe the underlying atmospheric processes that control the variability.
Highlights:
- The summer intra-seasonal variability of daily ZWD over Sumatra in 2008, 2016, and 2017 is dominated by the South Asian Summer Monsoon, and further influenced by dry-air intrusions associated with eastward-propagating Rossby waves in the Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes.
- As the first ground-based GPS data used for studying dry-air intrusions, the SuGAr data provide new in-situ evidence that extratropical dry-air intrusions reach the deep tropics within 5° south of the equator over the Maritime Continent.